Improvement in machines for heading rivet and screw-blanks



' specification.

. j usted and adapted to Letters Patent N o. 110,515, dated December 27, 187i) ;l antedated December 1d, 1870.

IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINES I-OR HEADING RIVKET AND SCREW-BLANKS.

' The Schedule referred to inthese-Letters Patent and making of the same.

Be it known that I, VICTOR DE M, UPHAM, of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of N ew York, have invented a new and Improved Heading- Machine for Heading Rivets and Screw-Blanks; and I hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description oithe same, reference being had to the accompanying drawing mak-ing part of this My invention has for its object to construct a rivet and screw headiugfmachiue which will operate with greater rapidity, and which may be more. readily additl'erent worlithan any hitherto. in use.

My invention consistsin various improved devices and. combinations designed to accomplish the above result, which are hereinafter fully enumerated and described.

- On sheet l ot' the drawing- Y Figure l represents a plan view of the heading-ma chine complete;

Figure 2 is a vertical.longitudinal sect-ion ofthe Same.

Sheet 2 ofthe drawing shows, on an enlarged scale,

various details of the machine, which have been des-v ignated by the same letters that indicate corresponding parts on sheetl.

The different views 0f the same part on sheet 2 are distinguished by attaching a numeral to the designating letter.

A represents themain frame vot' the machine. It

' consists of two thick, heavy sides, joined together at This eccentric, by means of a heavy conuecting-rod,

D, moves the hammer-block E back-and forth in able guides formed inside the, frame er.A

The block E carries the hammer b which heads thc rivet-blank.

@designates the dic-plate.

A side of this plate is provided with a scmicircular groove or recess, against the edge of which the wirc is out.

- 'lhc blanli thus out is transferred over an adjoining opening in the plate, and is pushed into the same and headed by the hammer.

snit-- In practice I generally construct'thc die-plate a with a number of cutting-recesses and die-openings, as is shown on sheet 2,' in which al represents the `face of the dic-plate; a cross-section, and a3 a sid'eview ofthe same.

Usually, the upper-side .edges of the die-plate aremade to project slightly, in the manner shown, and through them are cut semicircular grooves 50, against the edges of which the wire is cut.

Opposite and near the grooves 50 are placed dieopenings 51.

Only one of the grooves 50 and one ofthe die-open-` ings 51 are in use atthe same time, but theplate may be turned round and shifted. vertically, to bring intouse either of the openings desired.

The holes in the plate may be of the samg size as shown,y 0r of different sizes, so that rivets .of different diameters can 'be made in the same plate.`

aaa and effet,

vieron ne M.'U`rHA M,or Bn-ooKLY vnw YORK.

, Each die-opening 5l is located opposite the groove 5 0, used iu connection with it, but the die-openings and are secured by means of a key in' a groove of corresponding shape in a die-block, marked F.'

' This die-block may, however, be omitted, and the die-.plate a be secured directlyin the bed A..

The back part of die-block F is made of dovetail i shape andA fits into a corresponding recess in the bed A, where .it is secured hy a key.

Near the center of this die-block F are two holes, in'onc of which is fitted tightly a bush, j, the interior of which is of suicient size to permit the free passage of-'thc wire from which the blanks arcformed.

One side of this hush is cutaway to fit it to the edge of-thedic, and the latter is so adjusted that the wire, in passing through the bush, enters one of the grooves in the edge of the die, as sliown'on sheet2 at n?.

Then-.one of the grooves is placed opposite the bush j the adjoining hole in the die comesfoppositea larger hole in the die-plate F.

In this hole is placed a steel pin Ic, fitting loosely, and of' a length equal to the thickness 'of die-block F.

lhe hole in dic a, opposite k, has also,^litted looselyintoJit, a steel pin, m, the length of whichl is equal to the thickness-of the die, and the rear end of which is upset to tita countersink surrounding thc hole on the back of the diel v By reference to sheet 1, tig. 2, it will be seen that thc pin 7c bears against the head of a bolt, n, which slides through a bush, o, that screws into frame A.

When th'cpin m is pushed in it pushes back It andboltn. until the head of the latter rests upon the cud tot bush o. Thisl bush maybe turned in or out to 4closed by its bearings.

rlz is a horizontallongitudinal section of the cutter; d1, a side view; and

than end viewot` the same.

The cutter consists of a square bar with one corner removed and one-half cut away for part of its. length on a diagonal longitudinal section.r

In the dat position thus exposed is fitted in a dovetail groove, a thin piece of steel, f, with a scrnieircular groove across it to grasp the blank.

The cutter d is operated by lever g through 4a pin, p, which enters a half hole in the side ot' the outer end of fl, and a corresponding halt` hole in the end of the lever.

The finger e is constructed exactly liked, but lies on the opposite side ofthe machine'.

'lhe cutter and Enger have each two Vbearings,one on the die-block Fand the other in brasses g g in the frame.

One side of the rst-named bearing is formed by E and the other bythe capsu u, which keep the moving parts up to their places.

Each p air of b rasses, g and g, tits into a circular hole inthe frame, the front brasses of each pair being tightened and adjusted by keys, h h, and the back ones byscrews t i, and also by two others in the bottom of the frame not shown. l l

.The front brasscs extend out further than the inner ones, so as to furnish support opposite the pins p p.

' lIhe cutter d and uger c may he made triangular, or have any number ot' sides, or may be round, and provided with a feather,so 'long as the general construction and arrangement relative to 4the bea-rings 'of said cutter and finger and to the dieplate remain substantially the same.'

The levers q andy, which operate respectively thel cutter and finger, are pivoted at their centers to brackets on the i'ame, and carry ou their rear ends rollers O O, which enter and receive motion from grooves in cams s and t, the operations of which are more particularly described hereafter.

G and `H are ily-wheels, to steady the motion of the machine, and I and I are the driving and loose pulleys. e

Ou the inner hubs of the driving-wheels are placed cams u and fw.

r1 he cam t', by means of connection x, operates a lever, carrying a number of pawls of diderent lengths, which cugagewith the teeth of a ratchet-wheel, 11 and give motion to the gear-wheels M M and the g feed-wheels J J, which propel the wire into the machine.

The connection x and the .pawlleverare operated 1n one direction only by the cam, and are returned to place by a spring.

' IK is a stronglever, pivoted to the frame. One end of the lever presses against the bolt n, the other by means of 'a connection, Y, receives motion from the cam fw.

The connections :i: and-Y are supported, near the cams which operate them, by suitable bracketsl attached to the frame.

The operation ofthe machine'is as follows:

The wirelis taken from a coil on a reel in the usual manner. The wheels revolve in the direction of the arrow. y

Su osi-n the machine to have b e operation, as thehammer'b is drawn` back by E, D, and C, to the position shown, the cam w, by means otrod Y, lever K, bolt a, and pins 7J and m, pushes out of" the die a rivet, headed at the previous stroke, and the cam r, in the manner described, moves the feed-wheels J J and advances the wire into themachine the length of one rivet-blank, or until the end ot' the wire strikes a small adjustable stop, 10.

By this time the cams s and t have, in manner described, moved the cutter ll and finger e so'that their l steel ends grasp the wire on each side. All the parts are then' in the position shown in the drawing.

The cutter and finger are then moved together toward the rghtofI the machine, toward rod Y, in iig. l;

the steel end f of the ,cutter cuts oi the wire. against the edge of the die; and the blank thus formed being held between the thin steel ends of the cutter 4and finger is transferred partly across the die, until it comes opposite the hole then in use. Here the blank is held until the lhammer b comesvup and pushes'it into the hole, when thel cutter and finger are suddenly pulled back out of the way. 'I

The entrance of the blank into the die pushes in the pins m and It, and bolt n., and moves lk until the fol' ward end of ho'lt atrests on the end of o, when the hammer upsets the end of the blank and forms onit a head, corresponding to the shape ot' the hammerface. y

The hammer is now withdrawn, the belt n is pushed back, as before, V to vforce out the headed blank or rivet, Vthe feed-gear pushes in the'wire for another blank, which is cut ot, carried to the part of the die in use, pushed in, the cutter aud Hngerwithdrawn, the head made, and the operation continuously repeated, a rivet being formed at every revolution of the machine.

On sheet 2, s and t'represent tnedevelopment of' the cylindrical surface of the cams s and t, fig. 1, .on a larger scale, "and show the shape of the grooves on the cams at all points in the circumference.

At or about the time that the hammer 'has formed the rivet-head, vand has commenced to return, the cams sla-nd t would be in` such a position that the rollers would lie in that part of the groove'corresponding to N N'in the surface, as seen on sheet 2. At

this point the rollers are nearest the interior edges of the cams, so, since the levers q and 1 reverse the motion ofthe cams, the cutter and finger are pulled to their fullest extentlfrom tht center of the machine.

lhe motion of the circumference of the cams is in the direction of the arrow, (see sheet 2.) i

At orabout the'time the circumferences and their The cam s commences moving its roller slowly outward as the point 12,-and the adjustment is such that atthe point 13 both cutter and finger have grasped the wire, and the parts are in the position shown in tig. 1.

The grooves in both cams now turn to the left with the same angle, thus moving the cutter and nger to.

the right, cutting olic the blank and moving it over the die to the particular hole in use, which is reached at 14. y

The hammer now pushes the blank inte the die,

' and before the hammer reaches the cutter and nger,

the cam has moved so that the rollers are at 15, and become suddenly drawn in, pulling theV cutter and linger away from'the blank, and oack to the sam position as when the rollers were at N N.

`It will observed that the cams give to the levers `gll and r and the cutter and finger d and e a positive I movcment'at all times.

Other machines give these parts a positive movement in but one direction.

The levers q and i' also transmit the motion in the most direct manner, and are, from their shape, not as liable to spring as in the other machines where bell-cranks and mck-shafts are employed.'

I prefer, in some instances, to dispense with a level' on the cutter side at least, and pnt a cam similar to that described near, and directly connected to the outer end of the cutter, andoperate said cam by gear from the main shaft.

These improvements enable this machine to be run faster than others. y

In order that the nnger may press the blank tightly against the cutter when the cams have worn differv ently, 'the hole in i' and c is made slightly oblong, so

that the pin p fits loosely, and aspring, P, attached to lever r, presses upon the end of finger' c, and keeps the slack all one way till the wire is graspethw'vhen the blank is held by the elasticity of the spring within the limits of the slack; but the motion is positive beyond those limits. f

By turning aside the spring P, and withdrawing piu p, the finger emay be pulled entirely cnt of the machine, as also may the cutter d, by simply removing its connecting-pin p. "When the cutter and finger are.

removed, the die-block F can be taken out of the machine, and ifY it be necessary to change the die, or the steel points f ofthe cutter orfinger, since the inner vbearings of the latter are on the die-block, they may be adjusted to the die before being put in the machine.

An end view of the hammer-block E is represented on sheet 2. As shown, the shape is that of a rect.- angle with the corners removed, leaving vfour inclined surfaces, which receive the whole bearing and slide ou triangular' pieces 16 16, 17 17. By sett-ing down the screws 18 1S, &c., on the pieces 16 16, the wear of the slidingdilock in all directions may be compensated by adjustments in one direction.

The great width of E givesit stability, and furnishes room for a long bearing where it connects to D. To form this bearing the endofjD is widened and forked so that the whole rounded end bears in the working directionin a corresponding g'roovevin E. A small cap on E takes hold of a4 small central pin so as to pull D back with E.

The hammer b is preferably made of circular section, and is secured in the center of a bush, Q, made from a square bar of steel or other metal. This bush lies in a larger square hole in hammer-block E,

with a corner downward.

Alongitudinal vertical section of the bush is shown in i 2.

0% sheet 2, Q1 shows an'end view of the bush', and Q2 a side view of the same. As shown, the bush is split along one of its side edges, and'issecured by a set-screw acting upon a fiat place in the top edge.

To adjust the hammeigthe bush is packed underneath with slips, onv one or both sides, which slips may he of the same or unequal thickness, so as to raisevand move sidewise the hammer to the point desired; Athe set-screw or equivalent vis then tightened, which presses the bush tightly upon the packing, and at the same time compresses the hush and'holdsthe hammer firmly.

The rear end of the nammer abuts against the key 19, fig. 1, which key 'may beraised or lowered to adjust the thickness of the rivet-head. I

. The bush may be made of triangular, hexagonal, oi' octagonal section, or any equivalent shape, which will admit of the' insertion of packing-pieces and the tightening of thc bush a'nd hamnJrLsubstantially as described.

I1 i some cases ditlculty has been experienced from the breaking or crushingof the small pin m, sheet 2, which pushes the rivet out of the die. In such instances the lever K or its, supporting bucketis broken, -to prevent which the operating rod Y is split diagonally, as shown at 21, and the parts are joined by small rivets of sulicient strength to operate the lever K under ordinary circumstances; but, in case ot'. obstruction, the extra strain shears olf the rivet-s and prevents more serious damage. This weak point 2l may be made in various equivalent ways to accomplish the same purpose.

It has been found of advantage to put a spring, 20, against the lever- K, in manner shown, to keep the opposite end of the lever pressedragainst bolt u. This pulls the connection Y a little distance away from cam w, and the protuberance on the latter strikes `Y with a slight blow, which is transmitted directly to jar out the rivet instead of being lost in a succession of blows in the several joints.l

tageous when ,making either large or small rivets. Thelarge` rivets sometimes stick in the die, and can be loosened by a quick blow better than by a gradual`application of pressure. It has been found also,

opening and pushes out the rivet, soon becomes a strong magnet, tand not infrequently,` when making short light rivets, one of them will be attracted to the end of the pin on with suliicient force to prevent such rivet from falling when pushed out of the die.

Sometimes the .linger e, as it crosses the die-plate, will push the rivet to one side so tha-t it will drop; but if thc end of the rivet be not entirely clear of the die the finger and die form a rough pair of shears, which cut off or distort the rivet, and cause 'considcrable annoyance. This can only be 'prevented by causing the end of pin m to move out flush with the nice adjustment for satisfactoryy working.

The jar produced when the spring 2O is used loosens the rivet from the pin, and also presses the latter as far out as possible at every stroke, so that the inger can push olf the rivet if the jar fails to loosen it.

-I disclaim a spring Awhen arranged to keep` the' com necting-rod at all times in contact with the cam; such an arrangement is old. It preventsthe jar I seek, and the length of the connection must be rigorfar enough to fully eject the rivet.

-Dies 'have been made with a straight cutting-edge, in combination with an opening in which the head ing was performed, but this plan flattened the end of the blank and caused an irregular-shaped head. So, also, it is common to employ a die with two openings, against the edge of one o't' whicli the .blank is cut'and then transferred and headed in the other.

The half hole, or semicircular groove, 4forming the be a great improvement; for, as the surfaceV wears toa bearing, or tiled or ground the same as the edge of any cutting-tool.

ter and finger. It is essential that the latter be capablev ot` exact adjustment in relation to the die. In. other machines the means for'doing this are inin the frame, andl adjustment is roughly .effected by packing-pieces.

I Ahave two pairs of bearings, one closet to" thedic the cutter and finger may adjustedwin vrelation :to

This jar has been found to be practically advanthat the small 'steel pin fm, which fits in the .die`

edge ofthe die at every stroke, which requires too ously exact in order to canse the pin-to move exactly cutting edge in my invention, is found practically to I away, it can be heated in theiire and hammered up Some important improvements have been made in the arrangementand shape of the bearings ofthe cut-" suticient, as) their bearings consist simplyv of a h olev and others at the'extreme ends,fboth arranged so that the die. The shanks of the cutter andinger are also so shaped that they will not turn, and compensation for wear may be iliade by adjustment in one direction. Also, the method ofinserting and adjusting the brasses in the frame is simple and efiicient.

In other heading-machines itis usual to elevate the pillow-blocks carrying theT4 main shaft, and also the die-block above the center line ofthe main frame, and in many instances the main shaft is placed below the plane in which the4 hammer-block moves, and a cam on the shalt pushes up a toggle-joint, which moves the hammer. In such arrangements the indirect action causes the frame to spring.

In the present invention the greatest strength of metal is disposed directly in the line of the strains, which requires a novel arrangement of the parts. The frame is also cast in one heavy piece, insuring great strength and solidity.

I claim as new and desire to secnrelby Lett-ers4 Patentv 1'. The die-plate a, with one or more die-openings,

51, and one or more semicircuiar grooves or recesses,

50, in combination with the die-block F or frame A, and the moving cutter and ngcrll and e, substantially as and Vfor the purposes specified:

2. The construction and, ar `angement relative to one anotheraud to the diep1ate of the linger4 and cutter cl and e, the brasses or bearings g, and wedges 71., or their equivalents, substantially as shown and described.

3. The combination ot' thc split and adjustable bushing Q, with the adjustable hammer-block E, substantially as and for thc purposes set forth.

4. 1n combination with the subjectflnatter of' the last precedinr clause, the connecting-rod l) and the eccentric C, on shaft B, substantially as shown and described.

' 5. For the purposes herein described, and in its relations to the other parts of' the machine, thc iinproved connecting1'od Y, the improvement in said rod consisting iu making it in two pieces, lapped one ou the other, andfastened together by rivets, bolts, or screws, substantially as described.

6. l`he combination of the shaft B, eccentric C, connecting-rod D, and hammer-block E, with a solid iron frame, constructed substantially as described.

7. The spring 20, arranged and combined with lever K, bolt u, connection Y, and cam w, in such manner that the spring,r keeps the end of tllerconnec-tion Y out ot' contactivith the cam during a portion ofthe revolution, substantially as and for the purposes described.

VICTOR DE M. UPHAM.

YVitnesse T. B. BEECHEP., Unas. E. Enum'. 

